Sam works on all phases of archaeological investigation for projects in New England and New York. He has supervised numerous PAL archaeological investigations, primarily for gas and electrical transmission projects. 

He began working in cultural resource management in 2013 and was involved in archaeological investigations in the Northeast and Midwest. Before joining PAL in 2023, Sam worked as an archaeological technician in Iowa, a field director in upstate New York, and an archaeological field school director in Minnesota. 

Sam received a BA in Professional Writing from the State University of New York at Cortland and an MA in Applied Anthropology from Minnesota State University, Mankato. He has conducted research on settlement patterns at pre-contact sites in northeast Iowa and on lithic and pottery analysis at Upper Mississippian sites in southern Minnesota. Sam previously worked at Fort Ticonderoga in Upstate New York and at Fort Madison in southeast Iowa and has experience using ground-penetrating radar for non-invasive cultural and geological survey.